Differential-algebraic equations (DAEs) provide an essential tool for system modeling and analysis within different fields of applied sciences and engineering. This book addresses modeling issues and analytical properties of DAEs together with some applications in electrical circuit theory.Beginning with elementary aspects the author succeeds in providing a self-contained and comprehensive presentation of several advanced topics in DAE theory such as the full characterization of linear time-varying equations via projector methods or the geometric reduction of nonlinear systems. Recent results on singularities are extensively discussed. The book also addresses in detail differential-algebraic models of electrical and electronic circuits including index characterizations and qualitative aspects of circuit dynamics. In particular the reader will find a thorough discussion of the state/semistate dichotomy in circuit modeling. The state formulation problem which has attracted much attention in the engineering literature is cleverly tackled here as a reduction problem on semistate models.