A political history of writing in France during the interwar period and under the Occupation. Rubinstein argues that the prevalent leftist depiction of the ENS–the training ground par excellence of the French intellectual–is symptomatically inaccurate in its repression of the role of writing in the construction of the political subject. Through a deconstructive reading of the ENS as text Rubinstein resituates the ENS s intellectual discourse within the literary politics of the right. Normalien discourse is seen to articulate analogous concepts of superiority hierarchy and exclusion. This twinning of principles of political and textual authority is developed through analyses of publishing networks of the thirties and the post-war trial sentencing of intellectuals.