A Roman farmer on farming. Columella (Lucius Iunius Moderatus) of Gades (Cadiz) lived in the reigns of the first emperors to about AD 70. He moved early in life to Italy where he owned farms and lived near Rome. It is probable that he did military service in Syria and Cilicia and that he died at Tarentum. Columella s On Agriculture (De re rustica) is the most comprehensive systematic and detailed of Roman agricultural works. Book 1 covers choice of farming site; water supply; buildings; staff. 2: Plowing; fertilizing; care of crops. 3-5: Cultivation grafting and pruning of fruit trees vines and olives. 6: Acquisition breeding and rearing of oxen horses and mules; veterinary medicine. 7: Sheep goats pigs and dogs. 8: Poultry; fish ponds. 9: Bee-keeping. 10 (in hexameter poetry): Gardening. 11: Duties of the overseer of a farm; calendar for farm work; more on gardening. 12: Duties of the overseer s wife; manufacture of wines; pickling; preserving. There is also a separate treatise Trees (De arboribus) on vines and olives and various trees perhaps part of an otherwise lost work written before On Agriculture. The Loeb Classical Library edition of Columella is in three volumes.