Fractional processes are widely found in science technology and engineering systems. In Fractional Processes and Fractional-order Signal Processing some complex random signals characterized by the presence of a heavy-tailed distribution or non-negligible dependence between distant observations (local and long memory) are introduced and examined from the fractional perspective using simulation fractional-order modeling and filtering and realization of fractional-order systems. These fractional-order signal processing (FOSP) techniques are based on fractional calculus the fractional Fourier transform and fractional lower-order moments. Fractional Processes and Fractional-order Signal Processing: presents fractional processes of fixed variable and distributed order studied as the output of fractional-order differential systems; introduces FOSP techniques and the fractional signals and fractional systems point of view; details real-world-application examples of FOSP techniques to demonstrate their utility; and provides important background material on Mittag-Leffler functions the use of numerical inverse Laplace transform algorithms and supporting MATLAB(R) codes together with a helpful survey of relevant webpages. Readers will be able to use the techniques presented to re-examine their signals and signal-processing methods. This text offers an extended toolbox for complex signals from diverse fields in science and engineering. It will give academic researchers and practitioners a novel insight into the complex random signals characterized by fractional properties and some powerful tools to analyze those signals.