How do federal statistics strengthen our nation′s science as well as its policy? In this latest volume of The ANNALS leading academics along with key federal officials including the president′s science advisor the chief statistician of the U.S. the director of the Office of Management and Budget (OMB) the presidents of the National Academies and the director of the Census Bureau address the argument that the statistics that the federal statistical system produces should be understood as constituting a scientific infrastructure for the empirical social sciences. Further they see the current federal statistical system as the best hope for bringing strong science to bear on new data sources and the best place to navigate unforeseen challenges in preserving the independence of statistical information from political interference. If federal statistics are the knowledge base from which policy problems and solutions emerge it is imperative that we pay attention to the lessons they offer. Never before has this topic received this level of attention from such an array of contributors. A must read for all social scientists and policy-makers.