A product of international collaborative research this collection of essays by scholars from Japan North America and Europe illuminates the many important ways in which mobilization for total war in the 1930s and early-1940s laid the foundation for postwar democracy. The essays all but two of which focus primarily on the Japanese case analyze intellectual political and socioeconomic processes that extend from the 1930s down as far as the 1970s and suggest that in this era not only Japan but Germany the U.S. and other advanced industrial nations formed system societies characterized by rationalization mobilization and high levels of social integration and control.