A smart camera is an integrated machine vision system which in addition to image capture circuitry includes a processor which can extract information from images without need for an external processing unit and interface devices used to make results available to other devices. This book provides content on smart cameras for an interdisciplinary audience of professionals and students in embedded systems image processing and camera technology. It serves as a self-contained single-source reference for material otherwise found only in sources such as conference proceedings journal articles or product data sheets. Coverage includes the 50 year chronology of smart cameras their technical evolution the state-of-the art and numerous applications such as surveillance and monitoring robotics and transportation.