The Shakers spiritual literacies defined through an examination of their reading and writing practices blur boundaries between traditionally masculine and feminine realms by using reason and emotion and by being innovative as well as traditional. This exploration of the relationship between literary practices and religious life in the 19th century of such genres as autobiographies elegies histories and doctrinal works provides new insights into the many ways in which literacy enriches people s lives. This volume will appeal not only to the growing body of Shaker scholars but also to researchers interested in American literature and culture literacy religious history and gender studies.