During the course of American history scientific theories have been used to legitimate racial ideas that in turn have been important in creating and interpreting the law. Race and Science collects essays from leading voices in law history history of science botany and the social sciences resulting in a rich and comprehensive multidisciplinary exploration of the roots of and the scientific challenges to racial essentialism. The notion that someone s racial identity and characteristics define everything of importance about them has become deeply embedded in American culture society and science. These essays illuminate the roots of this belief and present case studies that explore how and why natural and social scientists have challenged these racist views. Race and Science will be of interest to historians social scientists educators and scientists and others interested in racism as a phenomenon in American culture.